Monday, February 04, 2008 

Changing the language of "terror".

Doubtless the allegations of political correctness and dhimmification will be loudly levelled at the Home Office by the usual suspects after a new counter-terrorism phrasebook emphasising the language to use when discussing and debating extremist Islamist terrorism has been leaked to the Granuiad.

As is usual whenever allegations of political correctness are thrown about, even slightly valid or not, there's almost always a good reason for it in the first place. The reasons for it in this case don't come much more compelling or challenging: ever since 9/11, the Muslim community as a whole has increasingly seen it come under ever more enduring scrutiny, with ever harsher and looser language used against it, and as a result has turned itself off, has dismissed legitimate concerns, and indulged in conspiracy theories, when it is naturally the first port of call in tackling the extremists in its midst.

If the above reads unlike what you'll usually find on this blog, it's because both sides in this debate are wrong. Only some within the Muslim community have reacted in such a way, just as an even tinier number within it is enthralled and involved in extremism. The difficulty has been that the organisations meant to represent Muslims, such as the Muslim Council of Britain, have themselves refused to recognise that there is a problem, or indeed that they are nowhere near as representative as they claim to be. Since Abdul Bari took over from Iqbal Sacranie there seems to have a reforming agenda that wasn't recognisable before, and the organisation, including the previously bin Laden admiring Inayat Bunglawala have seemingly mellowed, and over the Sudan teddy affair for instance, were very effective in damning the decisions overseas. There doesn't seem to have been much change from the position held though that foreign policy was chiefly responsible for the 7/7 attacks and the plots foiled since, and that radicalisation, however atomised, is the main cause. However much role the illegal invasion and consequent occupation of Iraq have had upon certain individuals becoming radicalised, it's naive and myopic to believe it's the sole or even chief motivation for the blowing up of innocent civilians, even if it is the main excuse.

Just as it is for the Home Office to apparently think that by merely changing the language used that it'll engage the Muslim community more in the challenge/threat (the Home Office endorsed way to describe what has previously been called the "war on terror", which was always an idiotic way to define the al-Qaida/Salafist/takfirist mentality). The phrasebook diplomacy section of the Grauniad article doesn't seem to have been reproduced online, but it shows the difficulties of trying to substitute certain phrases for others which seem if anything to be worse. For instance, "radicalisation" is supposedly heard by the Muslim community as "Terrorism is a product of Islam" (not easily understood or translated into Urdu/Arabic). Is it really, or indeed, are the suggested alternatives, "brainwashing" or "indoctrination" better? We might be quibbling over synonyms, but radicalisation is a far better description of what happens than brainwashing or indoctrination is, especially as there is very little evidence that either are actively going on; quite the opposite, if anything, with personal research or already friendly groups being the most often ways that an individual becomes "radicalised". Similarly, "jihadi/fundamentalist" is according to the HO research heard as "there is an explicit link between Islam and terrorism", with criminal/murderer/thug the suggested replacements. While all of the latter are accurate descriptions of those who are convicted of terrorism offences, how are we meant to be able to describe those who are jihadists, or my preferred term, takfirist jihadists, who haven't actually broken any laws, but who do provide material support or at least believe in the righteousness of the extremist, al-Qaida interpretation of Wahhabist/Salafist Islam if we don't in effect call a spade a spade?

Being careful over the use of language is of course important, and it's completely true that to talk of a clash of cultures, civilisations, or a war against an abstract noun is preposterous. It's also entirely wrong to attack the Muslim community as a whole for sheltering extremists, or to put the onus on it to do the work of exposing those within that are radicalised. All breed mistrust, and risk the response that they're being unfairly stigmatised, which would again be true. Rather than throwing the baby out with the bathwater, which is what the Home Office appears to be doing, it's "what is being heard" that has to be tackled, not the language itself. Why are some within the Muslim community convinced that they are personally to blame? Could it be because of some of the disingenuous and dangerous media coverage, such as that surrounding Jack Straw's comments on the veil, the leaking over alleged plots and the ridiculous allegations from the likes of Policy Exchange and reports that "a sect linked to the Taliban" has control over a large proportion of British mosques? The first thing that could be sorted is that there is no such thing as moderates and extremists. There is everyone of us, then there are the extremists. Likewise, we have to acknowledge that talking about the Muslim community as if it was a homogenuous block is ridiculous. It makes for convenient shorthand, but little more. There are Sufis, Shiites and Sunnis out there, even if the latter are the majority, just as there are former Muslims. It's little wonder some are so exasperated at the labelling when they are entirely removed from what is being discussed.

Perhaps more insulting than any of the above is the impression given, especially by the talk of brainwashing and indoctrination, is that Muslims can't think for themselves. This view is given credence by the likes of Martin Amis and others who contend that Islam provides an all encompassing ideology which itself cannot be altered or challenged, let alone reformed. This is clearly nonsense, as so many Muslim thinkers, past and present have aptly demonstrated. Over the last couple of years we've had John Reid, the head of MI5 and Jacqui Smith all commenting on how Muslim children are being "brainwashed" or "groomed" as if they were the victims of a predatory paedophile, all without providing a single scrap of evidence that this is happening. That's what breeds mistrust and cynicism. Stop insulting peoples' intelligence and understand why "they" think the way they do, then change the language used. Only then might we start getting somewhere.

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Thursday, November 22, 2007 

Militants, terrorists, Islamofascists, or takfirists?

Timothy Garton Ash writes another well argued and important article, this time on what we should call those inspired by the ideology behind al-Qaida, and comes I think to mostly the right conclusion.

First, Islamofascist is mostly a laughable term. The main argument for its use tends to be that many moons ago, some Islamists had a grudging respect for the Nazis or were even in some cases inspired by them, as Maududi was. Slightly more persuasive is that the idea of a worldwide Islamic caliphate, especially if it is to be imposed by force, with Sharia law forming the legal system in such a state, as laughable and implausible as the concept is, more than bears resemblance to Lebensraum, a key component of Nazi ideology.

While Ash outlines a number of other reasons why the term doesn't ring true, I think he leaves an important one out. The main use of "Islamofascist", is directly or not, to infer that the threat we now face from al-Qaida is somehow comparable to that which manifested itself in the 1930s. This fantasy isn't just confined to the neo-cons who most liberally use the term: Sir Ian Blair has claimed something highly similar, and while Jonathan Evans wasn't entirely clear, he also said that the current threat level was the highest in MI5's existence. Most crucially, "the enemy", whoever it is has been since 1945, except in the case of the Soviet Union, has always been compared and made out to be the new Hitler. Go through them all, whether it be Gaddafi, the Ayatollahs, Saddam Hussein and numerous others, all have been the Nazis reincarnate. Mostly it's just laziness, but it's also borne out of a desire to scaremonger and resort to propaganda, looking for a false equivalence which motivates support for action.

Islamists is mostly covered by Ash, who rightly says that to use Islamists when referring to those who murder either 572 Yazidis or 52 commuters is to link those who do so with the likes of the Hizb-ut-Tahrir, the Muslim Brotherhood, or indeed, even the Justice and Development party in Turkey. We might not agree with their politics, and while some who were formerly members of the first two have become terrorists, they're still in no way comparable to the violence advocated and justified by the ideology behind al-Qaida.

Ash then prefers "jihadists", or especially "jihadist extremists" and "jihadist terrorists" and I think he's mostly right. Even there though there are slight problems. You could describe the likes of Hamas as jihadists, and while they're certainly terrorists or have been terrorists, considering they haven't launched a suicide bombing inside Israel now for a number of years, there's again a distinct difference between the aims of Hamas and the aims of al-Qaida. Similarly, there are jihadist groups in Iraq like the Islamic Army of Iraq (now widely believed to have turned almost completely on the Islamic State of Iraq), the 1920 Revolution Brigades and numerous others that are jihadist in ideology, but are completely opposed to attacks on civilians and have never used the tactic of suicide bombings. Regular readers might have noticed that I'm partial to the use of takfirist, at least in one definition of the word, that those who adhere to the ideology behind al-Qaida don't care who they kill, and exemplified by how the Islamic State of Iraq has murdered thousands of Shias through the specific targeting of Shia dominated areas in Iraq by suicide bombers. If such attacks even kill Sunnis, that's unfortunate, but that can still be justified by the belief that like the bomber they will be martyrs to the cause. The most accurate way to my mind to describe them then is "jihadist takfiris" or "takfiri jihadis", whichever you prefer, although jihadists is more than acceptable shorthand.

Ash ends the article with a flourish:

There is an obligation on those of us who are non-Muslims living in open societies like Britain, to choose our words carefully. Until someone comes up with a better one, I think "jihadists" is the most appropriate shorthand. There is, however, an equal and matching obligation on our Muslim opinion leaders. That is to condemn, audibly and unambiguously, the jihadists who threaten us all.

Indeed.

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